Influences of Western Civilization towards Indonesian Cultures, Civic Education October 2nd 2009

Philosophical Background

Nowadays in the era of globalization, the world has become one small village. Western influences affect other states in the world. Furthermore, the technology makes us easier to do things and help us to communicate with people from long distances. This would ease the spreading western ideology, culture, and influences in many different ways. The case is a very complicated issue and many people debate on it whether they agree or not.
Asia and especially Indonesia is deeply influenced by western civilization. Some people would say that it’s a progress but some others would say that this is the disaster to Indonesian cultures and identity. Long debates and discussions have been done in formal or informal forums. People of Indonesia from High School kids until the oldest generation of Indonesia today debate in the same thing over and over again.
Some people argue that westernization is the same thing as the “decline of Indonesian national identity”, in the fact, it’s correct in some cases. People of Indonesia are forgetting their own cultures and norms. They started to act as American or European manners in many ways in their life, such as; clothing, eye contact, the way to respect elders, and in many other cases. This kind a things is ruining the norms and cultures in Indonesia.
Thus some other people argue that it is the progress in Indonesian development. This could true to, due to the fact that Indonesia took many sources of technological inventions in developing Indonesia’s progression as developing country.
And the end, discussions and debates are supposed to be held to make Indonesian fellows more aware of such conditions. So the Indonesia would be able to decide which way to be taken and which way to be denied. This case needs to be cared by every element of Indonesia, from the Government, social institutions, and each citizens of Indonesia. So finally we hope for a better Indonesia in the future.

State of Problems

Western civilization can be seen from several points of view. Some people in the East would agree with it and some others would ban it totally. But we can imagine that many people between those two have no idea about western civilization and influences towards them selves. They are just following what they see in the TV news and shows, magazines, news papers, internet and so forth. They have no idea whether the stuff from the west are good or not. What they care is “do I feel good or not”.
For the people who have ideas to ban or to support the spreading of western civilization and its influences would not be a matter. They would easily adjust to it and react right away to the influences. Indeed, our main problem is with those people who just follow the new stuff blindly. Here we are going to mentions several matters which occur in our daily life:
A. Loosing National Identity as People of Indonesia
People have been discussion this matter throughout decades, they never made a single agreement. But they have concluded that western influences are driving native cultures away from its people. As we mentioned before that many Javanese people are no longer Javanese, they do not care anymore about their culture and tradition. They feel better to act like Americans than being a Javanese. This case doesn’t happen only in Javanese culture, it also happen in all cultures in Indonesia, except for those who do not have access to out side of their world.
B. Being not Proud as Indonesia
This is also a serious matter. People are trying to drive away Bahasa Indonesia and replace it with English in their life. They are not so proud of their national language and feel it as a shame to use Bahasa Indonesia. Although Bahasa Indonesia is still being used by majority of Indonesia unlike Malaysia, we have to be aware of it. If people are no longer using Bahasa Indonesia, there would not be any unity in Indonesia. The very basic of Indonesian unity is language. There are over 500 tribal languages in Indonesia, so Bahasa Indonesia is extremely needed to unite those people in many different languages.
C. Decreasing Moral Value of Indonesia
If we look deeper about our moral values, they all lay on language. Let us take some example about it. In Javanese language, there are at least three level of using. When people talk to their friends or people in the same age they would talk in Ngoko or very casual language. They use this style because they do not have to respect their friends much.
When they are speaking to people little bit older or in higher level, they would use Ngoko Alus, it is a bit more respectful style than ngoko. They would use it to respect people who are older or honored people.
The third level is Kromo Inggil or a very respectful style which is used while talking with parents or honored people. People would not use this style when they are angry and it is also the most uncommon to be used in Javanese community. And there are several more style while talking with kings or people of authority.
Let us think if those languages are replaced by English or any other foreign languages. People would lose their moral values as Indonesia. So it’s very important to keep native languages to be spoken and understood well.
What is the question to be raised herein? It should be “how to solve this matter?”
People have to be more aware of westernization and its western civilization which endanger Indonesian native cultures. Every element of Indonesia should be active to bring each culture back to life at least in their region. The older generation should always remind the young generation not to forget their cultures and identity as Indonesia. This would help Indonesia to be better, Indonesia would easily some good stuff from the West and leave what it is bad from them.


Conclusion

Westernization is a big deal for Indonesia; in one hand it is benefiting us in many ways, mostly in technology. But it is also a big threat for Indonesian cultures. People are neglecting their cultures consciously or unconsciously and follow what they see through media. People are more proud to speak English or any other foreign languages than speaking their tribal languages or even Bahasa Indonesia.
This status quo would endanger our unity as Indonesia, when people of Indonesia are no longer clinging to its national language and neglecting their cultural norms and values. Some stuff which used to be taboo is no longer taboo. People are slowly adopting western civilization through westernization and leaving their identity as Indonesia.
Each Indonesian citizen has to be active in filtering westernization and its civilization as well so Indonesia would not be hesitate to take the good from them for its progress. And Indonesia would not have to worry of losing its cultures and values because all of people of Indonesia are aware of it. Taking the good and leaving the bad.

my Gratefulness?

When I remember what Allah hath given to me
But when did the last time I remembered
Was I really created to believe in Him only
YES I was created for that

There....

I just realized how foolish I am
Being so ungrateful to the One who really cares about me
The One who really wants the best for me
And guides me to the true path of life....

He is Allah, the One and Only

He never needs me... but I always need Him

He is my Sustainer and Cherisher


I got to change my life...

It should be dedicated only for Allah ....

Ooo... Allah... I seek thy forgiveness

Realizing what you are

You probably think that you are the best
But you actually the worst

You often think that you are the most awesome
But you are actually the most awful

You think that you are the most handsome
But you are the most troublesome

You think that you deserve everything
But you don't have anything

You believe that the world need you
But they really disgusted by you

You think that you are the most charming
But you are the most annoying

You think that you are the smartes
But you are actually the dumbest

So now... do you still have any reason to be an arrogant?

Poem of Today

Dawn

I woke up in every dawn
Remembering everything I have done
Waiting for the athan
By reciting the Qur'an


Love of a moment

I love that beautiful lady
Beautiful and Elegant
I almost forget that I was so nerdy
Realizing that I cant

Poem of this afternoon

Call for worship

Rolling into a hole
Forgetting the most important goal
It is our given role
Do not ever leave the call

My pain

No one know peace until feeling the pain
When people tied up in a chain
No onion no grain
Only a rain

Gut and Blood

For all we've got
Nothing without gut and blood
No one blame for that
Neither the God

The Beginning of International Relations, HI IC UMY 09

The Beginning of International Relation

The history of international relations is often traced back to the Peace of Westphalia of 1648, where the modern state system was developed. Prior to this, the European medieval organization of political authority was based on a vaguely hierarchical religious order. Westphalia instituted the legal concept of sovereignty, which essentially meant that rulers, or the legitimate sovereigns, had no internal equals within a defined territory and no external superiors as the ultimate authority within the territory's sovereign borders. A simple way to view this is that sovereignty says, "I'm not allowed to tell you what to do and you are not allowed to tell me what to do." Classical Greek and Roman authority at times resembled the Westphalian system, but both lacked the notion of sovereignty.

Earthquake of Indonesia 2009

Earth quake is a phenomenon which is often happening in Indonesia, some big earth quakes happened several times a year. And it never happened before so often like what we have been having nowadays. In 2004 we had a massive earth quake in Aceh along with Tsunami a day after Christmas, over 100,000 men were dead. Then another big earth quakes were just waiting for the time. The question what is going on???

Many scientists would say that the earth is very old and too old to hold everything inside her. And Indonesia is also in the ring of fire which are not stable lands around the pacific. But what are other reasons of this phenomenon???

Well now I am going to bring this matter to religious perspective, especially Islam. Is there any correlation or just a coincident, but … we’ll see

1. Earth quake in Tasik Malaya happened at 15:04
2. Earth quake in Padang happened at 17:16
3. The following earth quake happened at 17:58
4. The next day the earth quake in Jambi happened at 8:52
5. Earth quake in Jogja happened in May 27th (27:5)

And now let’s go see the Qur’an randomly according to he numbers above:
1. 15:04 = [015:004] And never did We destroy a township but there was a known decree for it
2. 17:16 = [017:016] And when We decide to destroy a town (population), We (first) send a definite order (to obey Allâh and be righteous) to those among them [or We (first) increase in number those of its population] who lead a life of luxury. Then, they transgress therein, and thus the word (of torment) is justified against it (them). Then We destroy it with complete destruction.
3. 17:58 = [017:058] And there is not a town (population) but We shall destroy it before the Day of Resurrection, or punish it with a severe torment. That is written in the Book (of Our Decrees)
4. 8:52 = [008:052] Similar to the behaviour of the people of Fir'aun (Pharaoh), and of those before them – they rejected the Ayât (proofs, verses, etc.) of Allâh, so Allâh punished them for their sins. Verily, Allâh is All-Strong, Severe in punishment.
So what do you think???

The Palestinian Boy, Bridging Course HI IC 2009, Oct 27 O(

A young Palestinian boy joined the protest towards Lebanese government in Beirut for being neglect to the Palestinian refugees in Shatila and Sabra camps. The boy was incredibly sad. Everyone showed only sorrow on their faces. Most people brought their children to the protest to show the world that they really need help and care.

Poems of Today

War

I loved that beautiful shore
I saw it through my door
But I can't see it anymore
It's all because of WAR

Nabila

When I'm gone to America
I left everything in Indonesia
Except one thing form Malaysia
My love, Nabila

My baby

Oo baby don't cry
But I dunno why
Oo baby I say bye bye
'Cause I gotta fly

Better world

Chasing away the cloud
Running without a doubt
Standing against the fraud
To make a better world

The State of My Heart

This is the state of my heart. When I am happy I would laugh. And when I am mad I would shut up or if I hear someone speak up to me I will shut up his freakin’ mouth!

I really hate to be bothered with all kinds of craps! Especially the fuckin’ annoying girl who always complains every time I don’t call! Crap!

Another world, I’m pretty exclusive and anarchist. I don’t like to hear people disobeying me or stand before me, because I have such a dictator sense throughout my blood vessels. The one I really love is quietness in my anger and not a single word from another people to advise or tell me what to do when I am so damn mad.

The only thing can calm me down is only the time

Time heals the wounds

In every heart

In my heart!

Social Norms, Tutorial of Basic Social Science, 23 Oct 09

SOCIAL NORMS

Social Norms can be defined as Norms are the agreed-upon expectations and rules by which a culture guides the behavior of its members in any given situation. In general sociologists classified norms into five classifications:

• Usages can be defined as “manner”. The punishment of violation of this norm is not hard at all. E.g. In Indonesia and most Asian countries people think that eating with left hand is very impolite. So people who do that is labeled as impolite person while having meals.
• Folkways, sometimes known as conventions or customs are standards of behavior that are socially approved but not morally significant. If people violate folkways they won’t get harsh punishments from the society, they are probably going to be seen as disrespectful. E.g. In some Muslim communities, saying salam toward one another is very important. If any Muslims do not give salam to another, people might think that those people are disrespectful.
• Mores are norms of morality in certain society if anybody violates the mores they will get harsher treatments from the society than the violation of folkways and people who violate the more might be called as “the wicked”. Mores derived from the established practices of a society (religion, ideology, philosophy or cultures) rather than its written regulations. E.g. In established Javanese society, if unmarried couples are holding hands and kissing each other, the society would start gossiping and spreading bad rumors about them. This is the kind of punishment for those who violate the norms of morality.
• Customs are not written but it ties all the members of certain society. If it’s written, it can be called as custom law.
• Laws are written norms. The punishments for those who break the laws are stated. The government can impose the law coercively or by force.

Besides those five points, some expert also added several more namely;

• Value: principles or standards of behavior
  

• Virtue: behavior showing high moral standards

Overpopulation, a world problem -- Basic Natural Science Oct 13th 2009

Basic of Natural Science Assignment

Overpopulation, a World Problem

Fifth Group:

1. Tia
2. Eureka
3. Yayang
4. Yora
5. Si Nur
6. Boim

INTERNATIONAL CLASS 2009
OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS OF MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF YOGYAKARTA


CHAPTER I
Introduction

Overpopulation is a term which can be defined as the lack of resources to provide the need of the big number of population in certain area or in Wikipedia.org it’s defined as a condition where an organism's numbers exceed the carrying capacity of its habitat. This phenomenon could happen when the resources in certain place are not enough to sustain the entire citizens. It has many possibilities to happen, in certain places people could not sustain their needs because of the lack of lands for farming, the people have used up all the lands for building. Another possibility, people who lay their life on mining in certain area could be overpopulated when the mining is gone and they could not fulfill all their need.
Overpopulation can happen everywhere, from the biggest scale such as country until the smallest one, a family. This case brings a lot of problems throughout the world, especially for the people who get the impacts of it. The problems do not only affect the people in the certain overpopulated area itself, but also affect many neighboring areas around it or even further.
In the next chapter we are going to explain more and give more examples about overpopulations in certain areas, problems, and how to solve those problems.
CHAPTER II
Discussion

The growing of population without the balance of the resources would create overpopulation, thus it would make a lot of problems as well. Here are some problems which often occur caused by overpopulation:
1. Resources
The main reasons of overpopulation is the lack of resources, such as; renewable resources and unrenewable resources.
To solve the problem of the lack of renewable resources people around the globe should actively conserve cropland, freshwater, energy, and biological resource. For example; in the USA they had green revolution to prevent overpopulation caused by the lack of food supply. The have been using big machinery to cultivate, seed, water the lands. When the harvest time come, they used “combine” to harvest millions acres of crops. It is the best way to prevent the lack of food supply and also to prevent overpopulation.
To solve the problem of the lack of unrenewable resources is only to limit the exploitation and start using another alternatives energy power.
2. Fresh Water Supply
The lack of fresh water could also lead into serious problems. In Sub-Saharan African fresh water supply is a big deal. People live in small villages with small number of men and vast area. But those villages are considered to be overpopulated, the supply of fresh water and foods are not enough to sustain their needs each day. And to fulfill their need they have to bring the supply far from the cities.
To solve this problem people need to provide a big tunnel to flow the water all over the country. This will take a big effort, but it seems to be the only way. It has been done before in the middle ages, in North Africa the Muslims built big water tunnels throughout the cities so the people could sustain their need of fresh water.
3. Food Supply
The lack of Food Supply is the most crucial problem, when by 2050 the world population would be around 9.5 billions people. If the food supply doesn’t balance to the world’s population by that year, there would be a lot more problems occur.
And to solve the lack of food supply is to change the method and use more lands for farming. We should look back and see the Green Revolution in the USA as an example.
4. Unemployment Problems
Unemployment in most developing countries makes big problems. The society also gets affected so badly, every individual can change when they lost jobs. And social disorder will occur in those societies.
Although in many develop (rich) countries such as USA, the government still give the unemployment welfare to the people who lost their jobs. It does not become as bad as what it happen in the developing countries such as Indonesia.
Every one in the society should take his/her own role to solve the problems. People and government should stand together to build new job opportunity to the citizens.
5. Crime Problems
Crime always happens everywhere in the overpopulated places in the world. People are unable to fulfill their need so they try to get it through the way they want it. Providing jobs and new resources will reduce the intensity of crimes.
6. Housing and Shelter
Many people in the big cities in the world don’t have houses to live in. They have to live under the skyways and or in the cartons. It caused by the lack of lands to build buildings or probably the people do not have enough money to buy the houses.
The solver for this problem is by building apartments in the cities so it can patch all the city dwellers.



CHAPTER III
Conclusion

Overpopulation brings tremendous problems in the world. Overpopulation also caused by so little lands to live, until so many people don’t get the suitable place to live, such as; living under the cartons, in refugee camp, and many other slum places. Besides that, over population is not only the lack of land to live, but also from the natural supplies, such as; lack of fresh water, foods, and energy. And many others problems caused by overpopulation, such as; unemployment, low quality of educations and high rate of crimes.
In many cities and other part of the world have slums areas with many complicated problems occur each day each week in the entire time. There are many unfortunate people who do not get any chance to have a better life. It caused so many uneducated children among these city dwellers.
The problem solvers for these problems are by combining the role of the government and the society to solve all the problems around them. By doing so, the problems caused by overpopulation will be solved more easily.



REFERENCE

www.wikipedia.org
www.yahoo.com/geocities
www.overpopulation.org
www.brighthub.com
www.cnn.com/technology

Bidging Course Asg HI IC UMY, Oct 13th 2009

Man grows new skull after decades

An old Englishman, Gordon Moors grows new skull underneath the metal plate after fifty years. This Northumberland man was operated by the doctors and they found that Gordon’s skull grows so the doctors could remove the metal plate from his head. Unlike for the kids, this is a very unusual phenomenon for an old man.

This postmaster flipped his car in 1955 and he was injured so badly that the doctors had to put metal plate in his head. Three years later, in 1958 he also had a bad car accident; it made a dent right on his metal plate. Now we can see that his bone follow the contour of his dent.

The Angel

That I was walking along the river, everything was beautiful. Some flowers with and honey bees were singing and chanting together glorifying the greatness of their Creator. I could not belief that I heard all their chanting, I became more surprised when I saw a red flower amongst the rocks next to the river. It was so beautiful and adorable. Not a word I can say not a second I can move my eyes.

I couldn’t mention what that thing was; I was wondering whether it was an angel or a just perfect princess of England. Some one with brown eyes and burnet hair in a white long dress. I never understood why I could never reach her every time she comes to me. I become in sorrow and deep grief.

It never become more than just a dream, it was all just a dream.

English Asg of International Relations IC UMY--Oct 9th 2009

DISAGREEMENT TO THE CLASH OF CIVILIZATION

I disagree to theory of the Clash of Civilizations and I do have some arguments that will affirm my opinion. Samuel P. Huntington said that the primary sources of conflict after Cold War are religious and cultural identity instead of ideology and economic. I agree that religious and cultural identity cause conflicts, tensions and disputes among the countries in the world. Like the war between Chechnya and Russia, it is caused by religious tensions. The dispute between India and Pakistan over Jammu and Kashmir is also caused by religious and cultural clash.

Although, I do believe that the theory has some truth according to some evidences. But I totally disagree to his hypothesis when he said “It is my hypothesis that the fundamental sources of conflict in this new world will not be primarily ideological or primarily economic. The great divisions among humankind and the dominating source of conflict will be cultural. Nation states will remain the most powerful actors in world affairs, but the principal conflicts of global politics will occur dominate global politics. The fault lines between civilizations will be the battle lines of the future.”

Considering Afghan war, we see people from the west are fighting the people from the east in Afghanistan over ideology. The west has democracy and liberalism and the Muslims have Islam as their ideology and the way of life. Once the former prime minister of Australia, John Howard said in BBC the main reason of Iraq war is OIL and Sadam Hussein. If the west could get rid of Sadam Hussein they would not be worried about some threats from their socialist eternal rivals in Arabia. So Iraq war was also caused by Economic and Ideology tensions.

Even the professor of Comparative Legal History in the Faculty of Law at the University of Sarajevo, Fikret Karcic believes that Huntington’s theory is not proven by the world’s events today “I believe that we cannot really talk about a global Islamic entity, nor about the Christian entity as its antipode. These two opposing worlds are just fictional. The truth is that so-called Christian and Islamic cultural elements are so intertwined today that this notion of the two rival and monolithic worlds is for the most part just imaginary.”

Contoh Karya Tulis Ilmiah SMA ASSALAAM SUKOHARJO / EXAMPLE OF SCHOLARLY PAPER OF ASSALAAM HIGH SCHOOL

Preserving the Brotherhood and Spirit of Jihad in Assalaam Community





A SCHOLARLY PAPER
Presented as partial fulfillment of the requirement For the final examination of Assalaam High School Pabelan Kartasura Sukoharjo Central Java Indonesia By:

UMAR IBROHIM
Reg. Number : **.****
Class : Third Program : ****** ******

THE ASSALAAM HIGH SCHOOL PABELAN KARTASURA SUKOHARJO CENTRAL JAVA INDONESIA 2013-2014

LEGALIZATION

This paper has been examined an agreed by the counselor and admitted by the principal of Assalaam High School:

Day : ………………………………………
Date : ………………………………………




Principal Counselor

Rojab Sya’ban, S. Ag Ramadhan, M. Pd

ii

Motto

None has the right to be worshiped but Allah and Muhammad is the last prophet and messenger of Allah
“Love that can’t be tested is a love that can’t be trusted”
Dedication
1. For Allah, the Almighty and the Lord of the universe
2. For my Mommy and Daddy, the most beloved after Allah and Muhammad
3. For my little brothers
4. For the young Mujahideen in all nations
5. For all my friends in the whole world
6. For everybody who wants to take a lesson

iii

Acknowledgement

In the name of Allah, Lord of Adam, Abraham, Jacob, Moses, John, Job, Jesus Christ, and Muhammad peace be upon them all. And may the blessing and peace of Allah be upon Muhammad ibn Abdullah, his family, his companions, and everybody who follows them until the last day.
This paper is a fulfillment of final assignment in Assalaam Islamic Boarding School. The writer wouldn't finish this paper without help, support, and suggestion from other side. And the writer wants to show his gratitude to:
1. Allah, Lord of the universe, who is the One and Only
2. Mother and Father, who’ve been giving support and love
3. Mr. Sukarno, the counselor who gave help to the writer
4. Mr. Trisnojoyo Khottob, the principal who gave the writer opportunity to write this paper
And finally, the writer hopes this paper could be a little benefit for everybody, and if anybody finds mistakes, please let the writer know. If things go wrong it from the writer and if things go right is from Allah.


Sukoharjo, March 2nd 2014


The Writer

iv

Table of Content

PAGE OF TITLE i
PAGE OF LEGALIZATION ii
PAGE OF MOTTO iii
DEDICATION iv
PAGE OF ACKNOWLEDGEMENT v
TABLE OF CONTENTS vi
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1
A. The Reason of Choosing the Title 1
B. Formulation and Scope of Problems 2
C. Purpose of Research 2
D. Limitation of the Problem 3
E. Method of Study 3
F. System of Writing 3
CHAPTER II: THE BASIS OF THEORY 5
A. Definition of Brotherhood 5
1. Brotherhood in General 5
2. Brotherhood in Islam 5
3. The Importance of Brotherhood in Muslim Community 7
B. Definition of Jihad 9
1. Definition of Jihad According to Lugha 9
2. Definition of Jihad According to Sharia (Islamic Law) 10
3. Types of Jihad 12
a. Fardhu Kifaya 14
b. Fardhu ‘Ain 14
i. If the Imam/Caliph mobilizes the war for certain groups
of Muslim citizens 14
ii. If two fleets facing each other 15
iii. If the enemy attacks Muslim territory 16
c. The issues over Jihad nowadays 16
C. The importance of spirit of Jihad 20
D. Relationship between Brotherhood and Spirit of Jihad 20
CHAPTER III: DISCUSSION OF PROBLEMS 23
A. The Condition of Brotherhood in Assalaam Community 23
B. The Condition of Spirit of Jihad in Assalaam Community 27
C. The Importance of Brotherhood and Spirit of Jihad in Assalaam 30
D. Teaching of Jihad 32
CHAPTER IV: CLOSING 34
A. Conclusion 34
B. Suggestion 34
BIBLIOGRAPHY 36
CURRICULUM VITAE 37

v

Chapter I

Introduction

A. The Reason of Choosing the Title

Assalaam isn't an ordinary school, it's also a community. It has a very various people; it has many people from different backgrounds gathered in such narrow place, boarding school. Sometimes, it's called the miniature of Indonesia. Because the people are from all around the country, even some were foreigners.

There are so many languages brought by the students, so it would be so complicated. In this case, our national language (Bahasa Indonesia) is very important, Bahasa Inodnesia became the main language among the students. English and Arabic are the languages which the students (santri) are supposed to speak. But in the reality those two languages aren't quite well used in daily basis, people rather speak Javanese (Bahasa Jawa) in daily basis.

Besides the language there are still many concerns that make more problems. The sense of Brotherhood and spirit of Jihad in our community is still very low. Those things often cause some problems like misunderstanding, chaos, laziness, fighting, and so forth.

And I hope this paper could be a problem solver to deal with those problems in Assalaam community, and help to improve the knowledge about Brotherhood and spirit of Jihad.

B. formulation and Scope of Problems

In writing this paper, writer relates to some formulation of problems:

1. How do the people treat another in Assalaam Community?

2. Do the people really think about Jihad and use the spirit of Jihad to strive every day?

3. Do the people consider Qur'an and Hadith as the guidance in maintaining Brotherhood and the spirit of Jihad?

And here are some scopes of problems:

1. Definition of Brotherhood

A. Definition of Brotherhood according to Islam

B. The importance of Brotherhood in Muslim community

2. Definition of Jihad

A. Definition of Jihad according to Islam (Sharia)

B. The Types of Jihad

C. The Issues over Jihad nowadays

D. The Important of Spirit of Jihad

3. Relation between Brotherhood and Spirit of Jihad

C. Purpose of Research

The purposes of writing this scholarly paper:

· General purpose

In order to fulfill the requirement for following the final examination in Assalaam Islamic Senior High School

· Specific purpose

It’s made in order to understand more about Islamic Brotherhood and Spirit of Jihad and to make it easier in the application in our daily life.

D. Limitation of the Problems

1. Brotherhood and spirit of Jihad in general

2. Brotherhood and Spirit of Jihad in Islam

3. The importance of Brotherhood and Spirit of Jihad in Muslim community

E. Method of Study

In this paper, writer used the bibliographical method by collection data from book, articles, magazines, news paper, and internet.

F. System of Writing

In order to make clearer and easier to read the details of this paper, the writer made this desertification of chapters which consist of several points, such as follow:

Chapter I: Introduction: In this chapter the writer explains about the back ground of problems, reason for choosing the title, purpose of research, limitation of problems, method of study, and system of writing.

Chapter II: The Basic of Theory: In this chapter the writer identifies the subjects in this paper, the Brotherhood in some perspectives, stuff about Jihad, and the spirit of Jihad.

Chapter III: Discussion of the Problems: In this chapter the writer identifies the condition of Brotherhood and spirit Jihad in Assalaam community and gives result of inquiry.

Chapter IV: Conclusion: In this very last chapter the writer concludes the problems, gives suggestions, and gives some close words.

Chapter II

(The Basis of Theory)

A. Definition of Brotherhoods

1. Brotherhood in General

Here is the definition of Brotherhood according to Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary; there are several meaning, such as:

- Relationship of brothers, comradeship

- Members of an association formed for a particular purpose, e.g. a religious society of socialist organization

We can say that the definition of Brotherhood in general is so wide; it can be Muslim, Christian, Jewish or even Socialist Brotherhood. So the writer is going to explain more detail about Brotherhood in Islam in the following sub-chapters.

2. Brotherhood in Islam

There are various types of Brotherhoods - Brotherhood based on blood relations, Brotherhood based on regional affiliations, or Brotherhood on the basis of race, caste, creeds, ideology, and so forth. But all these types of Brotherhood are limited in their scope, coverage and benefits.

Islam, on the other hand, prescribes Universal Brotherhood. It rejects the thought that human beings have been created in castes or in different levels. In the Glorious Qur’an, in Sura Hujurat, Chapter No. 49, Verse No. 13, Allah (SWT) describes the Islamic concept of Universal Brotherhood:

“O mankind! We have created you from a single (pair) of a male and a female, and made you into nations and tribes, that you may know each other (not that you may despise each other). Verily the most honored of you in the sight of Allah is (he who is) the most Righteous of you. And God has full knowledge and is well acquainted (with all things).”

This Verse of the Glorious Qur’an indicates that the whole human race originated from a single pair of male and female. All humans have common great-grandparents and ancestors. Further, Allah (swt) says that he has made nations and tribes, so that humans can recognize each other, and not so that they may despise each other and fight amongst them.

This verse also clarifies that the criteria for judgment in the sight of Allah (swt) does not depend on caste, color, creed, gender or wealth, but on Taqwa - God consciousness, piety and righteousness. Anyone who is righteous, pious and God-consciousness, is honored in the sight of Allah (swt). Further it is stated in the Glorious Qur’an in Surah Ar-Rum verse. 22, that:

“And among His signs is the creation of the heavens and the earth, and the variations in your languages, and your colors: Verily in that are signs for those who know.”

These variations in color and language are not for the purpose of creating animosity or differences between groups of humans. Every language on earth has its own beauty and significance.

A foreign language may sound strange and funny to you, but it sounds sweet to those for whom it is the mother tongue.

Allah says in the Glorious Qur’an, in Surah Israa, Ch. 17, Verse 70:

“We have honored the sons of Adam”

Allah does not say that He has honored only the Arabs or the Americans or a particular race. He states that He has honored all the children of Adam, irrespective of race, caste, color, creed or gender.

And the Muslims are brothers and sisters to another.

[049:010] The believers are nothing else than brothers (in Islâmic religion). So make reconciliation between your brothers, and fear Allâh that you may receive mercy.

"A Muslim is the brother of another Muslim. He does not oppress him, nor does he leave him at the mercy of others." (Related by Imam Muslim)

3. The importance of Brotherhood in Muslim community

Brotherhood could be seen as bond or ties because it’s the point of togetherness. There would not be any Muslim community or obeying God’s commandments completely without togetherness of Muslims. And the Sharia or Islamic Law will not be able to be established without Muslim community.

With Islamic Brotherhood we will make a better world, because we are going to help our needy brothers and sisters. Nowadays many people are in hunger and scar, because their Muslim brothers and sisters don’t really care to them and even becoming threats to them. In the book of Hadith of Imam Muslim,

Bk 32, Number 6219:

Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: “Don't nurse grudge and don't bid him out for raising the price and don't nurse aversion or enmity and don't enter into a transaction when the others have entered into that transaction and be as fellow−brothers and servants of Allah. A Muslim is the brother of a Muslim. He neither oppresses him nor humiliates him nor looks down upon him. The piety is here, (and while saying so) he pointed towards his chest thrice. It is a serious evil for a Muslim that he should look down upon his brother Muslim. All things of a Muslim are inviolable for his brother in faith: his blood, his wealth and his honor.”

And also we have to love our Muslim brothers and sisters, wishing to sacrifice for them, giving our love to them, so we will have good relationship with them like the prophet wanted us to have.

And in another Hadith, Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him said: “You are not believed, until you love your brother as much as you love yourself” (Related by Imam al Bukhory and Muslim)

And we keep secret of our Muslim brothers and sisters and we don’t tell their bad stuff. Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him said: Whoever keep secret (bad stuff) of a Muslim, Allah will not show his bad stuff in the day of Judgment. (Related by Imam Muslim)

And there are a lot more criteria of Muslim Brotherhood which can be defined in the Qur’an, books of Hadith, and many other books.

B. Definition of Jihad

1. Definition of Jihad in Lugha or according to Arabic Literature

According to the book of Lisanul Arab, it’s said “Al Jahdu (Al-Jahd) means “Struggle.” And the word “Jihad” means “A concentrated efforts with deeds and sayings to achieve a goal by keep struggling and struggling until the goal is achieved”

And the word Al – Jihad in the verses which were revealed in Mecca shows the meaning of Jihad according to Arabic Literature, such as:

[029:006] And whosoever strives, he strives only for himself. Verily, Allâh stands not in need of any of the 'آlamîn (mankind, jinn, and all that exists).

[029:008] And We have enjoined on man to be good and dutiful to his parents; but if they strive to make you join with Me (in worship) anything (as a partner) of which you have no knowledge, then obey them not. To Me is your return and I shall tell you what you used to do.

[029:069] As for those who strive hard in Us (Our Cause), We will surely guide them to Our paths (i.e. Allâh's religion – Islâmic Monotheism). And verily, Allâh is with the Muhsinûn (good-doers)."

[031:015] But if they (both) strive with you to make you join in worship with Me others that of which you have no knowledge, then obey them not; but behave with them in the world kindly, and follow the path of him who turns to Me in repentance and in obedience. Then to Me will be your return, and I shall tell you what you used to do.

2. Definition of Jihad according to Sharia (Islamic Law)

The word Al - Jihad absolutely means “The War and concentrating effort to exalt the word of Allah (Islam)”. And according to Hanafi sect (Imam Hanafi’s thinking) it is “Concentrating the strength by going to the war in the path of Allah, with spirit, wealth, and saying and so forth.” (Al – Kisani, Badai’u Ash – Shanai’I 9/4299)

Ibn Rushd (Ave Rushd) said:

“Every man who tire out himself for the sake of Allah, so he’s really done Jihad in Allah’s path, except the saying “Jihad fie Sabilillah” explained truly means: “Going to the war against the unbelievers, until they come into Islam or paying the Jizya (paying tax to the Muslim government) and they submit to Muslim government as a higher authority.” (Muqaddima Ibn Rushd 1/369)

And Ibn Hajar said:”And it’s not necessary to think hard to understand the word Fie Sabilillah, it means Jihad”

The word Jihad in the 26 verses which revealed in the city of Medina and most of them point the clear meaning of Jihad as The War, such as:

[009:041] March forth, whether you are light (being healthy, young and wealthy) or heavy (being ill, old and poor), and strive hard with your wealth and your lives in the Cause of Allâh. This is better for you, if you but know.

[009:086] And when a Sûrah (chapter from the Qur'ân) is revealed, enjoining them to believe in Allâh and to strive hard and fight along with His Messenger peace be upon him, the wealthy among them ask your leave to exempt them (from Jihâd) and say, "Leave us (behind), we would be with those who sit (at home)."

And many other verses: QS Al-Baqarah 218 QS Al-Imran 142 QS An-Nisa 95 QS Al-Anfal 72, 74, 75 QS At-Taubah 16, 19, 20, 24, 44, 73, 81, 88 QS Al-Hujarat 15 QS Al-Maidah 35, 54 QS Al-Ankabut 6 QS As-Saf 11 QS At-Tahrim 9 QS Al-Mumtahanah 1 QS Muhammad 31

And in the book of Hadith of Imam al Bukhory, Bk. 52: Fighting for the Cause of Allah (Jihaad)

4.41:

Narrated `Abdullah bin Mas’ud: I asked Allah's Apostle,

"O Allah's Apostle! What is the best deed?" He replied, "To offer the prayers at their early stated fixed times." I asked, "What is next in goodness?" He replied, "To be good and dutiful to your parents." I further asked, what is next in goodness?" He replied, "To participate in Jihad in Allah's Cause." I did not ask Allah's Apostle anymore and if I had asked him more, he would have told me more.

4.42:

Narrated Ibn `Abbas: Allah's Apostle said, "There is no Hijra (i.e. migration) (from Mecca to Medina) after the Conquest (of Mecca), but Jihad and good intention remain; and if you are called (by the Muslim ruler) for fighting, go forth immediately.

3. The Types of Jihad

The word Jihad is derived from the verb jahada which means:" he exerted himself". Thus literally, Jihad means exertion, striving; but in juridical − religious sense, it signifies the exertion of one's power to the utmost of one's capacity in the cause of Allah. This is why the word Jihad has been used as the antonym to the word Qu, ud (sitting) in the Holy Qur'an (iv. 95). Thus Jihad in Islam is not an act of violence directed indiscriminately against the non−Muslims; it is the name given to an all−round struggle which a Muslim should launch against evil in whatever form or shape it appears. Qital fie sabilillah (fighting in the path of Allah) is only one aspect of Jihad.

Even this qital in Islam is not an act of mad brutality. It has its material and moral functions, i.e. self−preservation and the preservation of the moral order in the world. The verdict of all religious and ethical philosophies − ancient and modern − justify war on moral grounds. When one nation is assaulted by the ambitions and cupidity of another, the doctrine of non – resistance is anti – social, as it involves non – assertion, not only of one's own rights, but of those of others who need protection against the forces of tyranny and oppression. A Muslim is saddled with the responsibilities to protect him and all those who seek his protection. He cannot afford to abandon the defenseless people, old man, women and children to privation, suffering and moral peril. Fighting in Islam, therefore, represents in Islamic Law what is known among Western jurists as" just war". The very first revelation in which the permission to wage war against the forces of evil sums up the aims and objects of Jihad in Islam: "Permitted are those who are fought against, because they have been oppressed.”

Jihad verdict divided into two types: Fardhu ‘Ain and Fardhu Kifaya. According to Ibnul Musayyab, the verdict of Jihad is Fardhu ‘Ain and according to the majority of Ulama it is Fardhu Kifaya which is able to turn into Fardhu ‘Ain. It’s the most consensus of opinion among scholars which is agreed by the majority of Ulama.

a. Fardhu Kifaya

According to the majority of Ulama (Muslim scholars), it means “Fighting the unbelievers in their own country.” Understanding of Fardhu Kifaya is, if some parts of the Muslims are able to do, have taken the responsibility, so the entire Muslims are freed from this obligation. Otherwise, if none of them take the responsibility, the obligation is still valid, and the entire Muslims get the sin.

ž[004:095] Not equal are those of the believers who sit (at home), except those who are disabled (by injury or are blind or lame), and those who strive hard and fight in the Cause of Allâh with their wealth and their lives. Allâh has preferred in grades those who strive hard and fight with their wealth and their lives to those who sit (at home). To each, Allâh has promised good (Paradise), but Allâh has preferred those who strive hard and fight, to those who sit (at home) by a huge reward.

b. Fardhu ‘Ain

The verdict becomes Fardhu ‘Ain (Full obligation) in some following conditions:

i. If the Imam/Caliph mobilizes the war for groups of Muslim citizens.

The verdict becomes Fardhu ‘Ain for those groups of Muslims who have the ability to do Jihad with their own power.

Ibn Abbas may Allah be pleased to him narrated, the Apostle of Allah peace be upon him said in the day of opening of Mecca: “No hijra (migration to Madina) after fathu Makkah (opening of Mecca), but there are Jihad and intention. If you are asked to go to war, so go for it.” (Related by Bukhary, Muslim, Abu Daud, Tirmidzi, An - Nasa’i, Darimi and Ahmad)

The meaning of this Hadith: “If you are asked by the Imam to go to war, so go for it.”

Ibn Hajar said “And in that Hadith contains full obligation (fardhu ‘ain) to go to war for the chosen person by the Imam.

ii. If two fleets facing each other

If the Muslims fleet and the unbelievers facing each other, the verdict is fardhu ‘ain for all Muslims in that condition. It is haram (unlawful) to turn the way back to the unbelievers and flee from the Muslims fleet. Allah the Most Exalted said:

[008:015] O you who believe! When you meet those who disbelieve, in a battlefield, never turn your backs to them.

[008:016] And whoever turns his back to them on such a day – unless it be a stratagem of war, or to retreat to a troop (of his own), – he indeed has drawn upon himself wrath from Allâh. And his abode is Hell, and worst indeed is that destination!

iii. If the enemy attacks Muslim territory

If the enemy attacks Muslim territory so the Jihad becomes fardhu ‘ain for the citizens of that territory. If the people in that territory isn’t able to face to enemy, so the obligation widen for the Muslims who are near to that territory, if they aren’t able to face the enemy, the obligation is also for the Muslims next to them until they are able to face them. If Muslims around that territory aren’t capable also, so the Jihad is fardhu ‘ain for all the Muslims in the whole world

.Ad Dasuki (From Mahzab Hanafi) said: “In confront the enemy ambush, everyone has to do it compulsorily, including women, slaves, and children even without permission from the husbands, walie (person who’s responsible over them), and the person has the credit.

c. The Issues over Jihad nowadays

Jihad will not be over until the last day, it’s believed by the Muslims all over the world. And we also have to understand that in this world today people are using different ways in doing Jihad. In prophet’s time, there was no ammunition, gun, tank, aircraft, and submarine, but nowadays we can find all those things all over the world. Those weapons will make bigger destruction and more casualties, so we really need to think of this stuff.

In these days, Jihad has been fought in many parts of the Muslim lands. In South East Asia there have been wars in Pattani, Poso, Ambon, and Mindanao. In South and Central Asia, the wars have been fought in Kashmir, Pakistan and Afghanistan. In the Middle East the wars have been fought in Palestine, Iraq, Algeria, and Gaza. In Balkans, the wars were fought in Kosovo, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Albania, and Croatia. And many other places, such as: Chechnya, Dagestan, Somalia and Darfur.

In other side, the Muslims (Mujahideen) are accused to be the terrorists, they were captured, tortured, murdered and imprisoned. Yet, the Muslims were attacked and surrounded by the invaders (kuffar) in their lands, but finally the Muslims won in many battles. And now in some nations, the Muslims are still fighting the kuffar, such as Palestine, Iraq, and Afghanistan.

Suicide Bombing

Suicide bombing is a way of fighting the enemy by exploding the bomb along with the bomber in the same time. This is one of the most famous ways of fighting done by young Mujahideen, especially in Palestine and Pakistan. The doers are young Mujahideen who are so tempted to protect their religion and lands. But, we should consider the Qur’an and Hadith in seeing the verdict of this way of fighting.

An expert Mujahid in Afghan war and the teacher of Abu Mus’ab Az Zarkhowi, Abu Muhammad al Maqdisi who wrote his book while he was in prison. The book is “Waqafaat ma’a tsamaraati Jihad” which discusses a lot about the evaluations of Jihad’s actions nowadays. The book is translated into Indonesia as “Mereka Mujahid Tapi Salah Langkah” published by Jazera publishing.

In this book he stressed in several points, suicide bombing is one of them. In the Indonesian version, in the first chapter “Salah Memahami Sasaran Jihad” the author explained little bit about “suicide bombing” and its verdict. In this first chapter, the author also made some limitations in doing suicide bombing. Here is some limitation:

- The Mujahideen should understand the verdicts of Jihad well

- The Mujahideen are allowed to kill the Muslims who are made to be the shield or protector by the enemies, as long as the benefit is bigger than the loss.

- The Mujahidin are not supposed to do suicide bombing when they are still able to use another ways (e.g. using guns and other weapons). Usually when some guys explode themselves in order to kill their enemies, they also killed the Muslims around them. Sometimes they don’t even kill the enemies, but their Muslims brothers and sisters get killed. It’s a big loss for the Muslim and Muslim world. E.g. suicide bombing in Karachi and other places in Pakistan.

- The Mujahideen should not kill the innocent Muslims while doing suicide bombing. In the fact, there are many cases of suicide bombings and the casualties mostly are from the Muslims.

The Mujahideen who mostly do suicide bombing are the people who are so tempted to do it after seeing the victory of expert Mujahideen in doing suicide bombings. The expert Mujahideen do suicide bombing and other ambush very carefully, especially in the application of Jihad’s verdicts. E.g. they should not kill the women, children and elders even if they are infidels, moreover killing the Muslims who are very honorable in the sight of Allah.

The young Mujahideen usually don’t quite understand the verdicts of Jihad, but they have a good intention and courage to do it. This is the reason why some of them get lost and captured by the infidels (kuffar) or make bad the image of Islam and the Muslims. They are probably even going to harm their Muslims by doing some wrong actions, such as doing suicide bombing in the market to kill one or two enemies, where the Muslims are there.

This is a Hadith of Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him, under the authority of Abu Huraira, Prophet Muhammad said (in meaning):

“Those who attack, then they hit the good or bad people, they don’t avoid in hitting the Muslims or people who seek protection from the Muslims, they are not in my group” in other Hadith “and I am not in their group”. (Related by Imam Muslim).

And inshaAllah we will keep praying and struggling for Islam and Muslims. And we also pray for the success of the Mujahideen in fighting the kuffar in Iraq, Palestine, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Kashmir, Indonesia, Pattani, Mindanau, and in many other Muslims lands.

There are still many discussions and explanations about the Verdict of Suicide Bombing in many books and forums. So the writer recommend the readers to read more books and follow the discussion, the readers also should read the book “Mereka Mujahid Tapi Salah Langkah” or the original “Waqafaat ma’a tsamaraati Jihad”. The explanations above might not be complete, so the readers should read, listen and ask for more information and different views.

C. The Importance of Spirit of Jihad

Jihad will not be done without the Spirit of Jihad, the main of the problems of the Muslims is losing the spirit of Jihad. People are afraid to speak up for the truth and justice, because they are going to be terrorized and accused to be terrorists. And even their Muslim brothers and sisters called those people as terrorist. Verily, the people who are called the “terrorists” are the true heroes for the Muslims.

If we see nowadays people don’t really care about their Muslim brothers and sisters who are being killed and oppressed. For example, in Indonesia there is Liberalist Movement, it’s not a small organization. It’s formed form many small organizations and there are tons of people in there. They say that they’re the true Muslims and peace makers; in the fact they abandon their Muslim brothers and sisters who are oppressed all over the world. They also cooperate with Israel – Zionists to kill and torture their own Muslim brothers, especially in Palestine. They love better to sit together with the unbelievers and watching the Muslim brothers being killed than doing Jihad (with their hands and wealth). Naudzu billai mindzalik.

D. Relationship between Brotherhood and Spirit of Jihad

Those who join in the worship of Allah produce a Brotherhood that embodies the best moral values of the faith: Mercy, compassion, fear of Allah, piety, and justice. It is a Solid Cemented Structure [As-Saff, 61:4], a tremendous force in the service of Right and against Wrong. Its members are to help each other in righteousness and piety but not in sin and rancor [Al-Maida 5:2]. They are to be "strong against unbelievers but compassionate amongst each other [Al-Fat-h 48:29]. They do not do injustice to others nor do they tolerate any injustice to themselves. In their love and concern for each other, all members of this Brotherhood are one body: when any part of the body suffers, the whole body feels the pain [Sahih Muslim].

This is the relationship between Brotherhood and spirit of Jihad, when people care to another they’ll sacrifice for them. They’ll give their wealth, strength, thoughts, time, and everything to their brothers and sisters. Without Brotherhood, it’s hard to have spirit of Jihad, and without spirit of Jihad it’s also hard to create Brotherhood. Let’s take an example, there is Jihad going on in Mindanao, a territory of the Philippines. The Moro Muslims are being oppressed by the Filipino Christians, so the Muslims from all around the globe would help them. Because they have feeling of Brotherhood and being not afraid to die. The Muslims brothers are willing to sacrifice to their brothers, no matter how. They aren’t seeking praise from the people, but they only seek the paradise from Allah.

Just think, what will happen if this umma doesn’t have feeling of Brotherhood and spirit of struggling, these people are going to be cut up into pieces. Its wealth is going to be taken by the unbelievers, its women are going to be taken, its mosques are going to be destroyed and so forth. That’s why, it’s really important to maintain the spirit of Jihad and sense of togetherness.

With these two things, we are going to reach the golden ages, just like our ancestors had reached. They were the most powerful power on earth, the wealthiest among the people of the world, the smartest of them, the best of them, and the most obedient to God. And just like what the Prophet Muhammad wanted us to take hold our iman (faith) and keep holding the guidance from the Qur’an and Hadith.

Those two things are going to create the Jihad to dignify the umma and make us the people in this world for ever. But if we forget it even for a moment, we are going to be humiliated and kicked out from our rights. And may Allah the Greatest will help us to get our dignity back. Wallau a’lam bish showab

Chapter III

Discussion of the Problems

A. The Condition of Brotherhood in Assalaam Community

Assalaam Islamic Modern Boarding School is a school which uses boarding house system. So the students must stay inside the boarding school while they are still in Middle and High School. It seems quite complicated to understand, and people also call Assalaam as a super big family. The family where people can find the Javanese, Banjar, Acehnese, Betawi, Sundanese, Balinese, and many others blend together in a small square place. There are more than 2.000 students, hundreds of teachers, hundreds of employees, tens of preachers and many other who take part in this community.

Among the students, they have gaps and groups. The students don’t really blend with another kids form different groups and gaps. For example, Fulan is in fifth grader, he only plays with the fifth graders. And Fulana is in certain group; of course she will only hang out with that group. And this sight can be seen in every corner of Assalaam boarding school.

This condition makes the Brotherhood in Assalaam community quite hard to be found, especially among the students. People don’t really care to the others except from their own gaps. And they are willing to help and support their friends even though they are wrong. The justice and truth is not the first to be supported. This is because the Brotherhood is not based on Islamic morality and justice. From this condition the corruption arises, and it will grow bigger and bigger until it reaches the highest level in the community.

It’s also a concern for the teachers and parents. The parents send their children in this Boarding School so that their children can get better education and moral value. In other hand, the teachers and guardians are trying to do their best to help the students to be good at everything, especially in Islamic stuff. And the problem will come to one main point, bad social intercourse. Sometimes students in Assalaam boarding school get bad friends and bad dormitory condition; it’s the cause of their main problem in this boarding school. It’s just going around and around, it seems like the problem is always caused by the lack of Islamic Brotherhood, spirit of Jihad, and understanding of Islamic law.

In order to know more about the condition of Brotherhood in this community, the writer made inquiry and did spread research paper to some occupants of Assalaam. There were some questions given to the audiences, they are:

1. Do you know the meaning of Islamic Brotherhood?
2. What is the condition of Islamic Brotherhood in Assalaam community?
3. How important is Islamic Brotherhood for you?

Here is the information from the polling dealing with Brotherhood in Assalaam community:

1. (Do you know the meaning of Islamic Brotherhood?)

i. 51% of the people said that they know

ii. 28% of the people are unsure about the meaning

iii. 21% of the people don’t know the meaning

2. (What is the condition of Islamic Brotherhood in Assalaam community?)

iv. 17.5% of the people said that it’s good

v. 70% of the people said that it’s not that good

vi. 10.5% of the people said that it’s bad

vii. 2% of the people don’t know

3. (How important is Islamic Brotherhood for you?)

viii. 75.5% of the people said that it’s extremely important

ix. 19.5% the people said that it’s important

x. 0% of the people said that it’s not too important

xi. 0% of the people said that it’s not important at all

xii. The rest said that they don’t know

In that inquiry, there were 57 participants (female and male students and teachers) who filled up the research paper. That inquiry was made in the month of Ramadan 1429 Hijri. There are many comments given to the question number one. The participants have various arguments and comment about eh condition of Brotherhood in Assalaam. Although, the majority said that the seniority, gaps and misunderstanding became the major factors of this condition. It’s very clear that the teachers and guardians (musyrif/musyrifah) don’t communicate much with the students (santri). The seniors would treat the smaller kids badly, it also makes tremendous hatred among them.

Some female students said that Assalaam needs to smile. It means people of Assalaam should smile to one another. Some said that the students just don’t care to another and the guardians (musyfir/musyrifah) never motivate the students to make better relationship among them. Some also said that their parents never tell them or give them good example.

Some male students and teachers said that the Brotherhood is good enough. Although in some cases, it’s not based on Islamic morality. It finally makes unhealthy Brotherhood and relationship. Those students are willing to help their friends (from one gap), even if they are guilty of something. They will not tell the friends who violate the rules to the teachers or guardians. They will possibly stay quiet.

According to some other comments, the kids of Assalaam are so westernized. It’s very clear if we see the way they talk (using swear words), cloth, eat and do other stuff. It’s a big contrast with the kids who have Muslim Indonesian style. Usually these two groups don’t get along very well. Because they don’t have the same style and even some of them have different ideology.

Besides all those problems, Assalaam should be proud because in general its Brotherhood and togetherness are a lot better from what we can find outside the boarding school. This boarding school is also able to build sense of solidarity amongst its occupants. Although, it’s not that strong as it should be. It’s an obligation for all of the occupants who live in Assalaam to make better relationships amongst them.

B. The Condition of Spirit of Jihad in Assalaam Community

The word “Jihad” isn’t uncommon word to the student and others occupants in Assalaam community. Although, people have different understanding about it, some do love it and some think that it’s unnecessary. This led into some clashes of thinking in a small level. For an example, the students who are members of certain groups often think that preparation of Jihad (I’dad) isn’t necessary. In the other hand, it’s so different for the students of Lastri (Pandu Islam Asadullah), it’s really important to be preparing for Jihad. They thinking based on the verses:

[008:060] And make ready against them all you can of power, including steeds of war (tanks, planes, missiles, artillery) to threaten thereby the enemy of Allâh and your enemy, and others besides them, whom you may not know, (but) whom Allâh does know. And whatever you shall spend in the Cause of Allâh, shall be repaid to you, and you shall not be treated unjustly.

It’s the true thinking according to the Qur’an. As Muslims we have to be prepared for the war (Jihad) anytime. And when people are preparing for Jihad, in the same time, they are creating the spirit of Jihad in their soul. Preparing for Jihad (I’dad) in Assalaam doesn’t have to consider as Lastri, students can also do it in other clubs. They are still able to prepare for it while they are in martial art clubs, karate, and so forth.

In order to know more about the condition of spirit of Jihad in this community, the writer made inquiry and did spread research paper to some occupants of Assalaam. There were some questions given to the audiences, they are:

1. Do you know the meaning of Jihad?
2. What is the condition of spirit of Jihad in Assalaam?
3. How important is spirit of Jihad for you?
4. Do you catch up with Jihad news nowadays?

Here is the information from the polling dealing with Brotherhood in Assalaam community:

1. (Do you know the meaning of Jihad?)

xiii. 53% of the people know the meaning of Jihad

xiv. 32% of the people are unsure about the meaning of Jihad

xv. 15% of the people don’t know the meaning of Jihad

2. (What is the condition of spirit of Jihad in Assalaam?)

xvi. 21% of people think it’s in good condition

xvii. 61% of people think it’s not quite good

xviii. 18% of the people think it’s bad

3. (How important is spirit of Jihad for you?)

xix. 68% of people think it’s extremely for them

xx. 30% of the people think it’s important for them

xxi. 2% of the people think it’s not important for them

B. (Do you catch up with Jihad news nowadays)

i. 23% of people catch up with Jihad news

ii. 32% of people are not sure about it

iii. 45% of people don’t catch up with Jihad news

After seeing the result of the research paper (angket) from the male-female students and teachers, the writer got a lot of comments and suggestions about the condition of Jihad in Assalaam community. Most people say that the spirit of Jihad is very weak. Some people don’t even understand about Jihad at all. The majority of people don’t know Jihad news these days. Some don’t know anything about Palestine and Gaza at all.

Female students and female teachers gave some comments about the spirit of Jihad in Assalaam. There are many factors that make the spirit of Jihad in Assalaam so weak. Some of them say that the guardians (musyrifah) don’t motivate them to have such a spirit, so it doesn’t show up in Assalaam. Some say that most students don’t understand the meaning of Jihad, it’s proven by the polling that 47% of people are not sure or having no understanding of the meaning of Jihad. A small number of people don’t even think about Jihad at all. Furthermore, they define Jihad according to their own thinking and desire without considering the Qur’an and Hadith.

Male students and male teachers have better understanding about Jihad than the ladies. Although, they agree that spirit of Jihad in Assalaam is still very low. It’s caused by the system of boarding school which is not comparable to Jihadis ideology. In the fact, Assalaam boarding school is quite liberal in some cases; this boarding school doesn’t really support Jihad education to its students. Besides the system, it’s also caused by the students who are not so tough to themselves. They’d like better to sleep or having fun than learning and preparation for Jihad. Some other students have different view, they think Assalaam still has good spirit of Jihad. The reason is because of the existence of Lastri (Pandu Islam Asadullah). They say that this club is the only club which has strong spirit of Jihad.

From those comments and views we know that spirit of Jihad and Islamic Brotherhood need to be improved. Although it’s very important, we didn’t really see those as important stuff. So in the following sub-chapter, the writer is going to explain more about the importance of Brotherhood and spirit of Jihad in Assalaam community.

C. The Importance of Brotherhood and Spirit of Jihad in Assalaam

Assalaam is a complex system, it consists many people from different backgrounds. And to maintain a good educational system, it needs a tool. The best tool is preserving the Brotherhood/ without having good Brotherhood, Assalaam will not run very well. Besides that, Assalaam is also facing other main problem, laziness. It’s caused by the lack of spirit of struggling, spirit of Jihad. If everybody in Assalaam has good spirit of Jihad, there would not be any laziness in religious education. Then it will motivate the students to study other lessons, general lessons (Math, Physics, Sociology and so forth)

Brotherhood and spirit of Jihad always came together in the golden age of Islam. We know the history of Avicenna (Ibn Sinna), Ave Rousd (Ibn Rushd), Algebra (Al Jabber), El Khawarizmi and other Muslim scientists. They lived in the golden age of Islam. At that time, the Islamic Caliphate was really strong, because the Muslims were nice and loved each their Muslim brothers and sisters. They also had very strong motivation to defeat the unbelievers (kuffar).

In the time of Ibn Taimiyah and Ibn Qoyyim al Jauziyah, the Muslims were under the oppression of the Mongols. Their time was a dark time of the Muslims, because they forgot their Brotherhood and left their spirit of Jihad. Afterwards, the Muslim scholars motivated the Muslim ummah to gain their independent from the Mongols by uniting the ummah and possessing the spirit of Jihad. Finally, the Muslims kicked off the Mongols from Muslim lands. It was a great victory.

We can relate the history of Muslims to our condition today so the students should respect and love each other. Students also have to respect the teachers and the teachers have to love the students as they should. People of Assalaam in general also have to care to the condition of the Muslims in other parts of the world. People should care about their brothers and sisters being killed in Palestine, Gaza, Iraq, Afghanistan and in other Muslim lands. It will motivate every people in Assalaam to do more for their religion as well as for Assalaam.

After considering Brotherhood and spirit of Jihad, inshaAllah, Assalaam will become more prosperous. Its students are also going to be strong Muslim generation of the future. They will lead the world with the light of Allah and convince the people to establish the low of Allah in the whole world. It’s the goal of Assalaam in general.

D. Teaching of Jihad

The very first thing to do a matter is to know it well, we can’t do something perfectly without knowing it well. So it goes with Jihad, without good understanding of it, Jihad will not be done well. So we need a bridge to make it through, it’s the system of teaching. And Assalaam needs this, without applying good system of teaching we will not have good understanding of Jihad in Assalaam. Here are some methods make the students understand more about Jihad.

a. Setting the Mindset

We can use the term Brain Washing in this section, it’s in positive meaning, I mean we need to give the students doctrines about the stuff. We also should give the students news about Jihad each day, the true news from Muslim media. We can gain the valid news from Islamic sites, e.g. www.arrahmah.com, www.aljazeera.com, www.islam-online.net, www.islamtomorrow.com, and so forth. By giving doctrines and news to the students we will set their mind to love and head their mind to the Jihadis way and mindset.

b. System of Teaching

We realize that this school does not give enough lessons the students about Jihad, so we found the reality that our students are not so attentive to the Jihadis matters and Mujahideen in their struggle. We need to have a lesson in the class which discuss about Jihad (I’dad, Jihad, and Da’wah). We should also teach the students about the importance of I’dad (preparation before doing Jihad), Da’wah (conveying the word of Allah), and Jihad itself. That is all can be found in Fiqh Jihad (the subject that discuss fully about Jihad).

c. Providing Books and Media

In teaching learning most of our matters we need books. So does Jihad, students need book which discusses about it and also the media to support the training of Jihad. The Boarding School should provide the equipment to do such a martial art, karate, and Muslim scout (Laskar). By providing the tools to make this it through, inshaAllah, the spirit of Jihad in Assalaam Boarding School will improve. And the students will have more courage to struggle in their study and religious obligations in their daily activities. If we look up to some other boarding schools, they would provide their students with Jihadis stuff so the students will have good education.

Chapter .IV

Closing

A. Conclusion

1. Everything should be based on good intention and true guidance of The Prophet Muhammad

2. Brotherhood in Assalaam Boarding School is being neglected and not being cared of well.

3. The system of teaching is not comparable with Jihad learning.

4. The news of Jihad is barely given to the students, so the students have no valid information about Jihad in the world nowadays.

5. The students don’t really care about Jihad learning and news nowadays.

6. Assalaam needs media to improve the Brotherhood and spirit of Jihad.

7. Providing the equipment of Jihadis training will improve students’ spirit of Jihad.

8. Give in news about Jihad which is going around this time will also improve the spirit of Jihad

9. Making a good system in teaching Jihad will also deepen the students’ understanding about it.

B. Suggestion

1. The condition of Brotherhood in Assalaam should be improved. The Brotherhood also should be based on Islamic teaching and moral values. So the bad things will not occur in the community. Assalaam should always watch and take care of its system in order to preserve the existence of ideal Brotherhood.

2. The condition of spirit of Jihad in Assalaam should be improved also. Its condition is very weak. Most female students don’t catch up with Jihad news nowadays. And the male students have more access about Jihad news in many ways. In general, we need to improve the facility and make better system to teach more about Jihad to the students. Using good system which is comparable to the Jihad teaching and actions will help this boarding school to solve many of its problems.

3. In order to improve the quality of education and religious knowledge, Assalaam has to combine the Brotherhood and spirit of Jihad together. The one will not run well without the other.

4. Jihad teaching should be given to the students, such as: I’dad (preparation), the verdict of Jihad (Ahkamul Jihad), profiles of the Mujahideen, and Jihad news.

5. Providing good system and condition to preserve the Brotherhood and spirit of Jihad is really needed in Assalaam Boarding School.

6. Teachers and guardians must convince the students to preserve the Brotherhood and spirit of Jihad by giving example about it.

7. The boarding school should also provide the need of training, such as martial art, karate, Muslim scout (laskar) so the spirit of Jihad in Assalaam can be improved.

8. The boarding school should also provide the valid news about Jihad and Mujahideen each period of time.

Bibliography

Al Maqdisi, Abu Muhammad, 2007. Mereka Mujahid Tapi Salah Langkah. ……Surakarta: Jazera

Al-Hilaaleeand, Ph.D. Dr. Muhammad Taqiuddeen and Dr. Muhammad Muhsin Khan, ......2000. Translation of Holy Qur’an. Riyadh: Darussalam

Hornby, A.S, 1994. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English. London: ……Oxford University Press

McLean Bill, Translation of Shahih al Bukhary. www.mclean.faithweb.com

McLean Bill, Translation of Shahih Muslim. www.mclean.faithweb.com

Shadily, Hasan and John Echol, 1998. An Indonesian – English Dictionary. ……Jakarta: PT. Gramedia Utama

geocities.com/ks_blitz/definasi_dan_peringkat2.htm

geocities.com/ks_blitz/hukum_Jihad.htm

geocities.com/ks_blitz/makna_Jihad_dalam_Al_Quran.htm

geocities.com/ks_blitz/pembahagian_Jihad.htm

geocities.com/ks_blitz/takrif_Jihad1.htm

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name : Umar Ibrohim

Nick name : Ibrohim or Boim

Date of birth : Surakarta, 11 September 1994

Address : Pajang, Banjarsari, Surakarta

Phone : +62852291366611

Email address : umar.ibrohim@rocketmail.com

Yahoo Messenger: umar.ibrohim

Friendster/Facebook/MSN: umaribrohim@hotmail.com

Blog: ailovislam.wordpress.com

Education:

· Pertiwi Kindergarten of Bumi

· Bumi 01 Elementary School

· Assalaam Middle School

· Assalaam High School

Organization Experience:

· Chief of Uneco Consulate

· Chief of OSIS Assalaam High School

· Chief of Language Improvement Council

· Member of Farois Surakarta

· Secretary of Sanpala

Saying: “There’s no glory without sacrifice, there would not be a glory for Muslims without Jihad in the cause of Allah. This Umma will not rise until the Muslims are brave enough to face the enemies in the front lines and until the Muslims leave the pleasure of this temporary paradise (this world).”